EyeModelHub
Home Subspecialties Oculoplastics Model card
§Model Card

Lacrimal Obstruction AI Platform (AS-OCT CNN)

Screening model to differentiate patients with lacrimal duct obstruction (LDO) from normal controls using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images

Imamura H. · 2021 · Japan · doi:10.1007/s00417-021-05078-3
Open DOI
Classification CNN AS-OCT Internally validated
More attributes
Anatomy · LacrimalConditions · Tear meniscusConditions · lacrimal duct obstructionSingle-centern = 172 patients · 230 images images
§01Overview

Brief overview

This study developed a deep learning system using nine pretrained CNN architectures (including DenseNet, ResNet, VGG, Inception, and Xception) with an ensemble strategy to classify anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) tear meniscus images for lacrimal duct obstruction (LDO) vs normal eyes. Using 230 images (117 LDO, 113 normal) with 5-fold cross-validation and extensive augmentation, the best ensemble achieved AUC 0.824 with sensitivity ~84–88% and specificity ~55–63% across subgroups. Grad-CAM (Score-CAM) highlighted the tear meniscus as the primary discriminative region, aligning with clinical assessment. This was a single-center retrospective diagnostic accuracy study with internal validation only; no external validation, code, weights, or clinical deployment were provided.

§02Performance
Headline performance

Best single model (DenseNet-169): AUC 0.78; sensitivity 64.6%; specificity 72.1%.

169)
Best single model (DenseNet-
64.6%
sensitivity
72.1%.
specificity
Full metrics — as reported
Best single model (DenseNet-169): AUC 0.78; sensitivity 64.6%; specificity 72.1%.
Best ensemble (7-model): AUC 0.82; sensitivity 84.8%; specificity 58.8%.
Calibration · Uncertainty
Not reported.
Bias · Fairness
Not reported.
§03Data & Validation
Study designDiagnostic accuracy study
Center typeSingle-center
Patients172
Images / eyes230 images
Split5-fold cross-validation (no fixed percentage split reported)
Reporting frameworks None stated
Age range38-67
Sex (% female)Not reported
Race / ethnicity reportedN
Subgroup performanceN
§04Deployment
Deployment maturity
  1. Concept
  2. Prototype
  3. Internal val.
  4. External val.
  5. Regulator
  6. Clinical
Regulatory status
None No FDA / Health Canada / CE clearance.
Artifacts & license
Code repository none
Pretrained weights none
Live demo none
License Not specified
§05Quality Review · APPRAISE-AI
Total score
42 /100 Moderate
ClinicalDataMethodRobust.Report.Repro.
Sub-domain scores
Clinical relevance 4/4 100%
Data quality 12/24 50%
Methodological conduct 5/20 25%
Robustness of results 4/20 20%
Reporting quality 12/12 100%
Reproducibility 5/20 25%
Why this score?

The APPRAISE-AI tool grades AI/ML medical studies across 24 items in 6 subdomains, scored independently by two reviewers. The total reflects the methodological transparency of the publication — not the underlying clinical value of the model.

How to read this: high scores in clinical relevance and reporting with low scores in methodological conduct, robustness, or reproducibility is the dominant pattern in ophthalmic AI today.

Quality bands: Low <40 · Moderate 40–59 · High 60–79 · Very High 80+. Most published ophthalmic AI sits in the Low–Moderate band; studies that break into High typically combine multi-center datasets, prospective evaluation, and open-source release.

§06Full Metadata
Citation & identification
Bibliographic record
Model IDoculoplastics_imamura_2021
Full author listTabuchi, H., Nagasato, D., Masumoto, H., Baba, H., Furukawa, H., & Maruoka, S.
JournalCornea
DOI10.1007/s00417-021-05078-3
ConditionsTear meniscus, lacrimal duct obstruction
Architecture
Model internals
Architecture familyCNN
Architecture detailMultiple convolutional neural-network models
Funding & conflicts
Disclosures
FundingNR
Conflicts of interestNo conflicts
Card lifecycle
Status, version, reviewers
Card statusPublished
Card versionv1.0.0
First added2026-04-28
Last reviewed2026-04-28
Reviewersattribution opt-in pending
Update history
Card changelog
  • 2026-04-28 initial publication (v1.0.0)
← Back to Oculoplastics